Celebrating Cannabis Independence On Fourth of July

Happy Fourth of July weekend! As the name indicates, Independence Day commemorates the day the Declaration of Independence was passed, and thus, the United States became its own nation free from British Rule. Similarly, the cannabis industry shares that independent, rebellious spirit as well. 

To stay current on everything important happening in the cannabis and psychedelics industries, subscribe to The Cannadelics Weekly Newsletter. Also, it’ll get you premium access to deals on cannabis flowers, vapes, edibles, and much more! We’ve also got standout offers on cannabinoids, like HHC-O, Delta 8, Delta 9 THC, Delta-10 THC, THCO, THCV, THCP & HHC, which won’t kill your bank account. Head over to our “Best-of” lists to get these deals, and remember to enjoy responsibly!

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4^th of July: A Brief History 

Traditionally, we celebrate Independence Day on the 4th of July. Most believe to be the day the declaration of independence was signed, but that actually happened on July 2, 1776. Two days later, on the 4th, Congress approved the final text of the Declaration, meaning our independence was made official on that day. Fun fact, the declaration wasn’t signed until August 2nd of that year, but at that point it was just a formality. 

Independence Day is commonly associated with fireworks, parades, barbecues, carnivals, fairs, picnics, concerts, baseball games, family reunions, political speeches, and ceremonies, in addition to various other public and private events celebrating the history, government, and traditions of the United States. 

It just so happens that America in general, is also gaining cannabis independence. What was once a completely illegal product, is now gaining so much support that 18 states have recreational legalizations, 37 states have implemented some type of medical program, and about half the population of the country now live in places where they can smoke marijuana without a problem.

The Cannabis Industry: Past and Present  

Cannabis and other psychedelic plants have been used therapeutically in Eastern traditional medicine for centuries and its use has been noted in numerous different countries and continents throughout history. Even in the United States, the value of cannabis as a healing plant was known far and wide. 

Back then, Eli Lilly, Bristol-Meyer’s Squib, and other major pharmaceutical brands were using cannabis extracts, sometimes even whole plant matter, in their formulations. A New York Times article from 1876 even cites the use of cannabis to cure a condition referred to back then as “dropsy”, which was swelling in the soft tissues from an accumulation of fluid in the body. Today this would be known as edema.  

Before 1910, the word “marijuana” did not even exist in American culture. It was known by its scientific name because recreational use was not very widespread at the time. Following a wave of LEGAL immigration in the early 1900s, the idea of recreational cannabis use was on the rise. The government used that as a scapegoat to push ridiculous cannabis regulations, but it’s one of those situations where it really is hard to determine cause and effect: was the uptick in cannabis use caused by the new citizens and population growth, or where these two events completely unrelated and just occurring at the same time? Cannabis was nothing new and increased curiosity and use seemed inevitable.  

Regardless, once the government realized people were using cannabis for fun and not just to treat chronic illnesses, the war on weed began. A familiar name in modern cannabis history is Harry Anslinger, the first commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics. When he got appointed is when the word “marijuana” start making the headlines and the word “cannabis” became of thing of the past. It really shows how powerful is the parallel between language and public opinion.  

Although “cannabis” was a medicinal plant that was relatively well-known in the United States, “marijuana” (spelled “marihuana” at the time) was seen as a dangerous drug that creeped in the shadows of America’s counterculture. Many point to the fact that without his fabricated war on “drugs”, Anslinger would have had nothing to do and inevitably lost his position. So he took some disturbingly racist ideologies, a lot of fear mongering, and a touch of hardcore conservativism and weaved together what would end up being a decades long campaign against a harmless plant and many innocent people. 

The Deals  

When we think of freedom, the word choice also comes to mind, and in today’s cannabis industry, if there is one thing that’s not lacking, it’s choices! Check out the nice variety of deals below, including vape carts, edibles, and disposables – all high potency products. Thanks for checking out this week’s edition of The THC Weekly Newsletter – Enjoy! 

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Cannabis Legalization Leads to Less Driving Accidents Says Study

The governments of legalized states are doing everything they can to cash in on new cannabis legalization policies, and this includes THC driving laws to collect traffic fines. Now, new research sheds light on the smear campaign that smoking weed leads to more traffic accidents. As it turns out, it’s the opposite, and states with medical cannabis legalization measures, have shown to have less driving accidents and lower insurance rates, according to a new study.

A new study shows how a medical cannabis legalization doesn’t lead to more driving accidents, as shown through insurance premiums. We cover all kinds of stories in the cannabis and psychedelics fields of today. Keep up with industry news by subscribing to the THC Weekly Newsletter, and get some cool product promotions, along with your news updates. We’ve also got tons of offers for cannabinoid products like HHC-O, Delta-8, Delta-9 THC, Delta-10 THC, THCO, THCV, THCP, and HHC. The world of cannabis products is huge, and everyone should buy the products they are most comfortable with using.

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Study about cannabis legalization and driving accidents

On June 12^th, a study was published called Medical cannabis and automobile accidents: Evidence from auto insurance, in the publication Health Economics. The study investigates cannabis legalization on driving accidents and safety. In order to do this, study investigators researched auto insurance premiums between the years 2014 – 2019, right down to the zip code.

The study results found that in states with a medical cannabis legalization, premiums decreased by an average of $22 per year after the legalization measure passed. This decrease is more substantial in areas close to dispensaries, and is more noticeable in places where drunk driving was more common prior to legalization. According to the authors, “we find premium reductions are larger in states with greater patient enrollment and in states that allow smoking.”

Study investigators estimated “that existing legalization has reduced health expenditures related to auto accidents by almost $820 million per year with the potential for a further $350 million reduction if legalized nationally.” This is quite different from the standard – yet always statistically unsupported line – that driving while high is dangerous.

Their final conclusion? “Our results indicate that the legalization and access to medical cannabis positively impacts auto safety.” They also explain why other comparable research turned up different results of either no difference, or a negative difference. “Other literature on this topic (which mainly finds null or negative results) has been limited by the reliance on data that only involve fatal accidents. We conduct a more comprehensive analysis by focusing on the direct effect on auto insurance prices.”

What does other recent research say?

The study investigators in the auto insurance premiums study make a good point. Not all studies ask the right questions. Like this one, Medical Marijuana Laws and Driving Under the Influence of Marijuana and Alcohol, which examined the number of people caught driving under the influence of cannabis. According to the authors, “We assessed the possible association of MML and individual-level driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC), and also under the influence of alcohol (DUIA).”

The study examined three other cross-sectional studies: The National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey from 1991–1992, the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions from 2001–2002, and the NESARC-III from 2012–2013. This included a total number of 118,497 participants, although they were all participants in other studies, and all information comes from other investigations.

Stop At the Sign: THC Limits In the US

The study found that between 1991–1992 to 2012–2013, the prevalence of driving under the influence of cannabis went up to 1.92% from 1.02%. Higher amounts were found in states with medical marijuana programs. Study authors concluded, “Medical marijuana law enactment in US states appears to have been associated with increased prevalence of driving under the influence of cannabis, but not alcohol.”

This is great, but an increase in the amount of antidepressants on the market also logically means an increase in the number of people who will drive with those drugs in their systems, whether its ever tested for or not. Yet no one is worried whether this increase has a negative effect on traffic accidents, since it doesn’t come up as a big threat. Increased rates of driving under the influence of cannabis mean nothing if there isn’t an increase in driving issues, which the first study implies there are not. This study never even asked the question of whether it’s a problem.

In this report by the CDC in 2019, it says that in a four-year-period, the number of people 16-25 willing to admit to driving on weed, went up by 47%, from 2014-2018. This equals a 12 million person increase. To give an idea of how this compares to alcohol, in 2018 20.8 million people claimed to have driven after drinking. While this was used to seemingly raise fear, the agency was not able to provide accident numbers for cannabis.

However, this study published in the publication Addiction, did. Called Traffic fatalities within US states that have legalized recreational cannabis sales and their neighbours, it investigated crash fatalities in Colorado, Washington, and Oregon. It found there was only a one-per-million rise in road deaths the year after legalization, and that a year after that, the numbers returned to previous levels. As the results weren’t statistically significant to begin with, and didn’t remain, this doesn’t say much for there being an issue with driving while on weed, or for government agencies or publications that say there is, especially when they don’t provide backing for their arguments.

So why are there drugged driving laws for cannabis?

This is a great question. If cannabis isn’t resulting in a greater number of accidents, which can be seen in lowered premiums rather than raised premiums, why does anyone get punished for it? We all understand why drunk drivers get their licenses taken away, and why so much is done to prevent them. They cause real damage. Damage that is so obvious, that we all know about it. We all know someone who died in a drunk driving accident, or a friend of a friend who did.

Very few people have a story about their friend, or a friend of a friend, who died in an accident due to weed. Does this mean it’s impossible? No, not at all, and there should be some actual stories out there. I, personally, can’t drive when stoned, but I seem to be one of the few people I know who has this issue. The thing is, being stoned isn’t the same as being drunk.

Blood THC Content? The New Way to Get a DUI

Drunk people are known for not being able to consider circumstances or consequences, and therefore making bad decisions. Stoners, not so much. I’m not good at driving stoned, so I don’t do it, because even when stoned, I’m not so blown I can’t make the right decision. Conversely, I have had to have keys taken away from me when drunk, since in that state I indeed thought it was okay to drive. I would never approve of doing that while sober, or stoned.

Yet the fear of drunk drivers is instilled in so many of us, that we desperately want to know that something is being done to help the situation. And for good reason. In the US alone, someone dies from a drunk driving related incident every 50 minutes, with an average of 29 deaths a day. 10,497 people died in 2016 from drunk driving accidents, which accounted for 28% of all road deaths that year. Of the total road deaths for 2016, 1,233 were children, and 17% died due to drunk drivers.

Regardless of legalizations, weed has been a popular drug in the US for a hundred years, and no similar statistics exist on driving under the influence of cannabis. This study from 2010 called The Effect of Cannabis Compared with Alcohol on Driving, investigated cannabis and alcohol driving incidences, and came to the conclusion “Epidemiological studies have been inconclusive regarding whether cannabis use causes an increased risk of accidents; in contrast, unanimity exists that alcohol use increases crash risk.” That says a lot.

Drugged driving laws

Even if a cannabis legalization doesn’t lead to more driving accidents (or a negligible rise), this hasn’t stopped several states from making specific legislation to try to catch high drivers. Why would they do this with no official information stating an increased danger? My guess is to collect fines.

While most states have some form of drugged driving laws to cover driving while on drugs other than alcohol (not a bad idea considering how many people are on drugs like opioids and Ambien), some specifically target THC, and give blood THC tests.

Washington has a max THC level for drivers, which is five nanograms per milliliter, or higher, of THC in the blood. Both Colorado and Montana uphold the same standard. Nevada is even more intense, and considers drivers to be under the influence if they have two nanograms of THC in their bloodstream, or five nanograms of metabolite. This measurement of THC in the blood is done by looking at nanograms per milliliter of blood.

Travel Smart: How to Bring Cannabis Anywhere in The World

States like California, Oregon, Illinois, Michigan, Alaska, Maine, and Arizona make the judgement based on impairment of the driver, and not specific amounts of THC in the system. And states like Massachusetts have zero-tolerance policies for any drugs while driving. Not to beat a dead horse, but plenty of people in that state are driving around with antidepressants in their systems, and antidepressants are psychotropic medications that specifically have effects on neurological activity, and come with all kinds of warnings. Yet once again, no one has an issue with that. Zero-tolerance seems to be zero-tolerance, only when its convenient for lawmakers.

Conclusion

The weirdest part of all this, is that legalizations have created the logical fallacy that no one drove while high before legalizations happened, and that this whole issue only exists because of legalizations. This makes no sense. People have been driving high as long as being high has been a thing. Trying to change the narrative to collect fines, is a pretty low endeavor for any government that does it. Luckily, the research sets the record straight.

For those looking to travel with weed, but are unsure if this is a good idea, check out this guide for a range of tips and smart travel options.

Welcome to the site! We appreciate you joining us at Cannadelics.com (formerly known as CBDtesters.co), a wholly independent publication focusing on comprehensive coverage of the cannabis and psychedelics landscapes. Read-thru the site regularly to stay on top of industry changes, and check out The THC Weekly Newsletter, for regular updates on everything happening.

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Habit or Addiction: Brushing Your Teeth

Sometimes it’s hard to decipher between addictions and habits. In fact, is there really a difference at all? My mother used to tell me that it takes 21 days to turn something into a habit. When she said that, she meant an activity like brushing your teeth, reading a book, going for a run. What she didn’t mean was smoking a cigarette, having a joint or doing cocaine. Although, perhaps it would also take about 21 days to make those into habits too. But surely they’re addictions, no?

If habits are addictions and addictions are habits, then does that mean that brushing your teeth – something that we hopefully all do day and night – is an addiction? We all know that horrible, grim feeling you get when you’ve forgotten to brush your teeth. Is that not just another example of a withdrawal? Well, let’s find out.

To stay current on everything important happening in the cannabis and psychedelics industries, subscribe to The Cannadelics Weekly Newsletter. Also, it’ll get you premium access to deals on cannabis flowers, vapes, edibles, and much more! We’ve also got standout offers on cannabinoids, like HHC-O, Delta 8, Delta 9 THC, Delta-10 THC, THCO, THCV, THCP & HHC, which won’t kill your bank account. Head over to our “Best-of” lists to get these deals, and remember to enjoy responsibly!

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What is an Addiction?

Before we can truly understand whether cleaning your teeth counts as an addiction, first we need to acknowledge what an addiction is. And, also, how it differs from a habit – such as cleaning your teeth, or reading a book. When people use the word addiction, certain images do naturally pop into one’s head – probably inspired by pop culture. For example, you might think about several scenes from Trainspotting, with sweaty, panting men, desperately wanting the next hit of heroin. But the truth is that addiction has many realities, and some aren’t always as obvious and dramatic as the ones in films. Healthline defines addiction as this:

“An addiction is a chronic dysfunction of the brain system that involves reward, motivation, and memory. It’s about the way your body craves a substance or behavior”

The quote continues, but first let’s analyse this much of it. There are many substances and actions that lead to reward, which are driven by motivation and memory. It is this, as the quote says, that makes something an addiction. The desire for social media feeds off these attributes. The dopamine-triggering feeling of getting a like, or hearing that notification sound, all this is experienced as a reward. It becomes like Pavlov’s dog experiment – the sound of the notification is directly linked to the reward of feeling connected with another person, which triggers a dopamine kick. This is the same with many drugs. You do a line of cocaine or a hit of heroin and you instantly feel amazing, and when it goes away you desire that feeling again. The quote from Healthline goes on to say:

“…I​​t causes a compulsive or obsessive pursuit of “reward” and lack of concern over consequences.”

Ayahuasca In the Fight Against Drug Addiction

It’s this part of the definition that slightly shifts away from cleaning teeth looking also like an addiction. There is evidence that many addictions and that pursuit of reward can leave people worse off. If it’s a gambling addiction people will usually end up with less money than they started or, if they end up winning, they’ll be utterly obsessed with that feeling of success until they eventually lose anyway. If it’s a substance addiction – like alcohol, cocaine or nicotine – people will usually be left erratic and depressed when they’re in a situation without these substances. They become only happy and functional with these substances and deeply troubled without them. In other words, these addictions revolve around short term gain, but long term failure. Mill’s Utilitarian philosophy highlights the difference between higher and lower pleasures in life.

“Higher pleasures are pleasures caused by the exercise of our higher faculties, whereas lower pleasures are pleasures caused by the exercise of our lower capacities.”

In other words, higher pleasures make us feel wholesome and good for a long period of time. Going for a run, speaking with friends, travelling – would all be considered higher pleasures. They feed the soul. Whereas lower pleasures may make you feel amazing for a short amount of time, but will inevitably lead to a fall. This includes certain drugs and bad habits. Cleaning your teeth is something that makes you feel cleaner, healthier and – long term – will extend the hygiene of your teeth and gums. Therefore, it feels like cleaning your teeth, like maintaining hygiene all over the body, is a necessary habit. It would sit more comfortably in the higher pleasure, than the lower pleasure. But do you even really get pleasure from cleaning your teeth anyway? The feeling of cleanliness, in a sense, is a pleasure. 

What is a Habit?

The culture around the word habit is far less extreme than addiction. Habits include minor things, such as: buying the same loaf of bread, taking the same route home, biting your nails, or running every day. There are, of course, bad habits and good habits. Other examples of bad habits may include: being disorganised, cracking joints, driving too fast or being too hard on yourself. Whilst bad habits and addictions can seem similar, there is a major difference between the two. The Cambridge definition of habit is described as such:

“something that you do often and regularly, sometimes without knowing that you are doing it”

Habits can be so small and unnoticeable that you don’t even realise you’re doing it. Habits are usually slowly formed through repetition and consistency. Each of us has hundreds of habits that we all do, some more conscious than others. Here’s how they’re created:

“habits form when new behaviors become automatic and are enacted with minimum conscious awareness. That’s because “the behavioral patterns we repeat most often are literally etched into our neural pathways.”

In order to break a habit, someone will need to consciously intervene in the cycle of cue, routine and reward. You feel bored so you check your phone, you scroll, you find something mildly interesting on social media. Habits like these are ingrained into us, but you’re able to break them by being mindful and aware of them. Perhaps instead, next time you feel bored, you decide to pick up a book and read a chapter instead of checking your phone. Eventually, over time, this will be a new habit that you’ve created. Cleaning your teeth is a habit that lots of parents try to get ingrained into children early, despite how difficult and tiresome it can seem at first.

Most people clean their teeth once in the morning, and once in the evening – it’s essential to maintain healthy teeth and gums. Whilst cleaning your teeth may seem easy and simple now, it wasn’t always as easy when you were younger. It’s this struggle at the beginning of the habit that might differentiate it from an addiction. Addictions usually feel good, and that’s where the addiction begins. Instead, cleaning teeth – like reading a book when you’re bored – is an active habit that is intentionally ingrained to maintain health. It is not something that brings a great deal of happiness or euphoria. Of course if you forget to brush your teeth you might feel slightly grim, which could be considered a sort of withdrawal, but really this is due to a lack of cleanliness rather than a lack of pleasure. 

Is Cannabis Use Destroying Your Teeth?

What’s the Difference?

Habits and addictions are scientifically very similar, but ultimately they are different. Addictions can destroy people’s lives and cause severe harm, whereas habits are far less extreme. Plus, with the extent of withdrawal symptoms, stopping an addiction is often far harder than ending an addiction. It can take a lot more time, and can often require medical and therapeutic help. You might need a long-term plan and family support to end an addiction, whereas a mindful mind is usually enough to end a habit. However, as Journey Pure River writes:

“There is an ongoing debate among experts about whether the abuse of drinking and drugs represents the development of troublesome habitual behavior or addiction. As a human being, you are naturally drawn to habitual patterns because repetition creates familiarity and comfort. Positive habits can even become tools of survival. Sometimes, however, habitual behaviors take a dark turn and develop into addictions.”

So, in a way, habits can be the beginning of addictions. As the body desperately tries to find familiarities wherever it can, sometimes it can find something that isn’t the best habit to have. This habit, if it isn’t observed, can become an addiction. Smoking cigarettes, for example, can begin as something social and then easily become a necessity. However, in the case of teeth brushing, it is different. Whilst teeth brushing may become a habit, there is nothing intrinsically addictive about it or life-threatening about it, and therefore this habit does not become a dangerous addiction. 

Conclusion

So, there you have it, cleaning your teeth probably should not be considered an addiction. However, there’s definitely a fine line between habit and addiction. And sometimes that line can be finer than usual.

Welcome to the site! Thanks for making it to CBDtesters.co / Cannadelics.com, the top internet spot offering up fully-rounded independent news covering the growing cannabis and psychedelics industries. Stop by frequently to stay up-to-date on these dynamic industries, and make sure to sign up to The THC Weekly Newsletter, to ensure you’re never late on getting the news. 

The THC Weekly Newsletter

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Drug Combos: What is Calvin Klein?

When most people think of Calvin Klein, they think of the famous clothing brand. They think of the well-known words poking out, on someone’s boxers, and the societal power that seems to give them. When did someone’s name on your T shirt suddenly make you better than everyone else? Anyway, today we’re not talking about that kind of Calvin Klein. Instead, we’re discussing the drug phenomenon. Calvin Klein, or C.K, is a combination of cocaine and ketamine that many party goers and drug lovers swear by.

When a stimulant and a depressant meet in harmony, there’s a sensation that many people adore. But what makes this combination so great? Or is it dangerous? And why is Calvin Klein so popular? Today we’ll be delving into the sub-culture of drug taking. 

To stay current on everything important happening in the cannabis and psychedelics industries, subscribe to The Cannadelics Weekly Newsletter. Also, it’ll get you premium access to deals on cannabis flowers, vapes, edibles, and much more! We’ve also got standout offers on cannabinoids, like HHC-O, Delta 8, Delta 9 THC, Delta-10 THC, THCO, THCV, THCP & HHC, which won’t kill your bank account. Head over to our “Best-of” lists to get these deals, and remember to enjoy responsibly!

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Drug Combinations

It’s often assumed that drugs should be taken independent of one another. This is because the assumption is that, if not, the specific drugs will either not work correctly, or you could get seriously ill. In a lot of ways this is true. For instance, the famous rhyme comes to mind about the dangerous combination of cannabis and alcohol:

“Beer before grass, you’re on your arse.

Grass before beer, you’re in the clear”

The concept here is that alcohol and cannabis are not the best of combinations, if done in a specific order. This is usually because being intoxicated on alcohol will make cannabis’ effects stronger. Thus if you drink first, and then have a hit of weed, you may be surprised by how quickly you get high. However, if you get high first, then everyone sip on their beers, you’ll know better whether you should carry on or stop. In other words, it’s a more manageable order. Nonetheless, people know that these two substances don’t always go well together. Healthline writes:

“Occasionally mixing alcohol and weed — also known as crossfading — likely won’t lead to major health problems. But there are a lot of variables to consider, including which one you use first and how you consume them. If you aren’t careful, the duo can lead to a case of the spins or a green out, two reactions that can turn a fun night out into a nauseated night in.”

However, there’s far more fatal drug combinations out there. I want to preface all of this first by saying that any drug, if taken irresponsibly, may lead to negative effects. However, the idea behind drug combinations is that these effects will be worsened and made more extreme. Yet, if done correctly, it also means that the positive effects can also be greater than if you had done each drug individually. In other words, there’s a lot to lose, and a lot to gain. Defining the word ‘synergistic’ is important here. 

“In medicine, it describes the interaction of two or more drugs when their combined effect is greater than the sum of the effects seen when each drug is given alone.”

Again, this could mean negatively or positively. As you can imagine, due to the dangers of overdosing, a lot of doctors thoroughly recommend avoiding poly-drug use. This is because different drugs do different things to your body. For instance, some are stimulants and some are depressants. Or uppers and downers. The effects of one drug may be magnified by another substance. Or, conversely, they may balance each other out, meaning you will be less aware of how much of one substance you may need to overdose. This may sound technical so let’s use examples. If you drink lots of alcohol, it will take less heroin to cause you to overdose than if you hadn’t drank alcohol. The same with alcohol and cannabis as we’ve previously mentioned. However if you consume both an upper and a downer (say cocaine and ketamine), the effects of both will be quelled by the other. This will make it harder for you to tell when you may be having too much of one of the substances. This is an example of this very scenario, in the context of alcohol (depressant) and amphetamines (stimulant):

“Stimulant drugs such as amphetamines… may mask some of the usual effects of alcohol…, such as feeling relaxed or sleepy, and the person may become more at risk of alcohol-related harms, particularly alcohol poisoning.”

Is It All Bad?

When discussing drug combinations, it’s first important to note why they can be dangerous – like any use of drugs. However, that’s not to say that drugs can’t be combined in a crazy, beautiful and euphoric way. In fact, I once knew a guy who took 5 ecstasy pills, a gram of coke, a gram of ket, and a tab of acid all in one night. And guess what? He turned up at his banking job the next day and probably made a few thousand quid. The point is, there are some drug combinations that many experienced party goers swear by and they deserve recognition, especially if they’ve stood the test of time. Tripsit recently made a ‘Guide To Drug Combinations’ table, which clearly states whether two drugs together sit in 1 of 5 categories: 

The Ketamine Loophole: Everything You Need to Know

Low Risk & Synergy 

The drugs, when combined together, offer a low risk and actually improve the effects of both. 

Example: DMT & LSD.

Low Risk & No Synergy 

The drugs, when combined together, offer a low risk but don’t cause much as a pairing. 

Example: Caffeine & Mushrooms.

Low Risk & Decrease

The drugs, when combined together, offer a low risk but actually decrease the effects of both. 

Example: Alcohol & Cannabis.

Caution

The drugs, when combined together, need to be taken with caution. 

Example: Ketamine & Cocaine.

Unsafe

The drugs, when combined together, are unsafe and may cause some undesired effects.

Example: Cocaine & Alcohol.

Dangerous

The drugs, when combined together, are dangerous and should not be combined. 

Example: GHB & Benzos.

This table makes it clear how to approach using certain drug combos. Interestingly, the famous Calvin Klein unity has been placed in the caution section. Yet, to this day, people swear by it. Let’s understand more. 

Calvin Klein: Ketamine & Coke

Calvin Klein is a street name given to the drug combination of cocaine and ketamine. It originates from the initials of both substances: C and K. The poly-drug has been given some well-deserved stick after a famous violinist died taking it. However, with the utmost respect, it’d be hard to find any hard drugs that haven’t caused the death of someone. Therefore, let’s first understand why people are enjoying these combined substances. Well, it’s important to understand the difference between the two.

Cocaine is a stimulant drug that makes you feel chatty, confident and awake. On the other hand, ketamine is a downer. In fact, it’s literally used as a horse tranquiliser. Ketamine makes users feel euphoric, slow and relaxed. In a sense, they couldn’t be more different. When combined to perfection, Calvin Klein makes users feel the alertness and chattiness of cocaine, without the anxiety. It allows users to feel the slowness of ketamine, with the stimulation of cocaine. It’s a hard feeling to describe because there isn’t one individual drug out there that makes you feel that specific way. Some liken it to the effects of MDMA but, for me, this is far too simplified. Vice writes:

“Individuals who do CK will say they get a profound rush where they feel very, very good, very pleasurable,” Giordano told VICE. He said the combination has the swift onset of a cocaine high, “and with the ketamine on board, it lasts longer.”… “Cocaine, it’s the dopamine gas pedal. Ketamine takes the brakes off the dopamine system,”… that means it makes you feel really… good, thanks to a flood of dopamine, the neurotransmitter commonly linked to pleasure and excitement.”

How and Where?

Calvin Klein is usually taken in separate lines, one after the other. The ketamine line is usually smaller than the cocaine line as it is more potent. Sometimes people mix the substances in one bag and do individual lines of the concoction, but this can be slightly more risky. Calvin Klein has become popular because – when done to perfection – it basically eradicates any of the negative parts of each substance in the combination. Plus, it is the perfect party drug. You’re able to feel euphoric, whilst also being able to socialise. MDMA can often cause levels of euphoria that make it hard to have natural conversations with people – and will usually lead to you just hugging everyone. This is all well and good, but perhaps a little odd if everyone else is on a different level to you. That is why Calvin Klein is often taken at small social events, as well as clubs and nights out. It is multi-purpose.=

Conclusion

Poly-drug use, or combining two or more drugs, definitely brings its risks. The consequence usually means that it enhances the effects of both substances. However, a good experience with Calvin Klein almost feels like it does the opposite. It sort of chills both the substances out, and makes for a more endurable experience. There’s definitely a reason why Calvin Klein has stood the test of time, and why many people still love to do it. However, as always, proceed with caution. 

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Does Vaping Cause Cancer Like Cigarettes?

There’s a lot of contradictory information spewed at us on a regular basis, and its hard to know the truth of things, especially when big corporations have reasons to want you to buy their products, and when governments take money from these entities. When it comes to vaping, tons of smear campaigns are out there, but are they saying anything useful? Unless vaping is tantamount to smoking, isn’t it automatically a better option? Let’s get into it, does vaping cause cancer or heart disease like smoking?

Does vaping cause cancer like cigarettes? While the obvious answer is no, there seems to be plenty of confusion on this matter. This publication covers news stories in the emerging cannabis and psychedelics spaces. Follow along by signing up for the THC Weekly Newsletter, which also nets you access to tons of deals on products like vapes, edibles, and other devices, as well as cannabinoids, like HHC-O, Delta 8, Delta 9 THC, Delta-10 THC, THCO, THCV, THCP & HHC. We do remind, no one should ever buy or use a product they are uncomfortable with.

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The detriments of smoking

First off, let’s take a look at standard smoking, and the issues that go with it. The first thing to understand on this topic, is that it’s not actually about cigarettes. Or more specifically, it’s not actually about tobacco. Tobacco can be used medicinally when not smoked, and has been for millennia. No one was dying from it before the use of cigarettes. The term ‘smoke inhalation’ refers to breathing in too much smoke, and the detrimental effects this can have. This refers to anything lit on fire and breathed in, whether its trees, plants, plastics, or tobacco.

Cigarette smoking is simply constant smoke inhalation. It makes the idea of buying organic tobacco, or switching to herbal smokable concoctions, a bit of a joke in the end. Sure, it might get a person away from some of the chemicals of standard processed tobacco, but it won’t get anyone away from the dangers that come from lighting something on fire, and breathing it in. Smoking cigarettes, as constant smoke inhalation, comes with a myriad of health problems, particularly for long-time users.

The bottom-line numbers tell a compelling story when looking at the generals of smoking damage. Every year, approximately 480,000 people die from smoking-related causes. A massive 41,000 of these are from secondhand smoke. As in, 41,000 people a year die from someone else’s smoking habit. In comparison, the US is up-in-arms over the growing drug overdose issue and the rising number of opioid deaths. These deaths account for just over 100,000 a year according to new CDC numbers, which make even opioids pale in comparison to the dangers of smoking.

What about a comparison to vaping? Though vaping hasn’t been around as long as smoking, starting mainly in the early 2000’s, it simply isn’t linked to a large death toll. As of 2020, the CDC could only come up with 68 related deaths, and all deaths were attributable to additives in vape liquid, and not to whatever compound was meant to be vaped, or the vaping itself. It bears mentioning here, that a dry herb vape is not included in this, and that this issue is specifically related to the use of vape cartridges.

Cancer and heart disease from smoking

Smoking is related to a huge number of problems, but the main two which lead to premature death, are cardiovascular issues, and cancer. Just how much damage do cigarettes do in these arenas? The CDC put out information detailing yearly death numbers from examining the years 2005-2009. As smoking has been around well over a hundred years, and reached higher levels of popularity in previous decades to this one, these dates are perfectly fine for understanding the situation today.

In terms of smoking related cancer deaths, approximately 163,700 people die of cancer yearly from smoking. When looking at cardiovascular disease, which includes heart disease, diabetes, and vascular disease, there are 160,000 deaths a year from smoking. There is however, another major class of deaths from smoking, and its related to respiratory diseases like pneumonia, influenza, and COPD. From this grouping there are about 113,100 deaths per year.

FDA Still Trying to Limit Vaping, the Healthier Smoking Option

Now, let’s make this worse. Remember how 41,000 people die a year just from sitting in the same room as smokers? Well, about 7,333 of these deaths are from lung cancer, and 33,951 are from heart disease. There are that many cancer and heart-related issues, even when the afflicted person isn’t the one with the bad habit.

Does vaping cause cancer?

There is a lot of weird, seemingly nonsensical, information out there trying to tell you vaping is bad. However, when it comes to the actual questions of how to measure this, the answer just leaves more questions. Like why are we being told vaping is dangerous when no statistics back this up? I mean, if it was true, it would be attached to some pretty bad death numbers, right? Well, not exactly…

To be fair, vaping hasn’t been around for as long as smoking. The main surge of e-cigarettes and cannabis vape carts started in the 2010’s. However, as someone with asthma, I can personally attest to the fact that smoking causes damage in me pretty fast, whereas vaping does not. And I know this from how my lungs feel, and how I breathe. Perhaps it is possible to tell if vaping can cause something like cancer or heart disease early on, or at the very least, if it starts to cause the damage that leads in these directions.

According to the site Cancer Research UK, the answer to the question, does vaping cause cancer, is no. While the organization certainly doesn’t rule out that there could be negative side effects, it specifically states that vaping related deaths so far are only attributable to additives, and are not related to the act of vaping in general. The organization says this:

“You may have heard about vaping causing an outbreak of lung illness in 2019 in the United States. An investigation found the cases were linked to contaminated illegal products. It was not linked to vaping regularly or in the long term. There was no similar outbreak in the UK, and the chemicals of concern are banned in e-cigarettes here. There is no good evidence that e-cigarettes bought from legal places cause lung disease.”

What about secondhand vaping damage, does that exist? According to the same organization, “There is no good evidence that second-hand vapour from e-cigarettes is harmful. As vapes are still relatively new, we can’t be sure there aren’t any long-term effects to people who breathe in someone else’s vapour. But this is unlikely to be harmful.”

How Vape Mail Ban Will Hurt Kids More

The site does, however, go on to repeat the oft mentioned incorrect assertion that, “Passive vaping is not the same as passive smoking. This is because e-cigarettes do not contain tobacco.” E-cigarettes, of course, often do have tobacco, and tobacco was never seen as deadly until it was used in cigarettes. The line that tobacco itself is bad has been repeated so much, that the idea of what smoke inhalation is, is often bypassed, even by the organizations that should really know the difference. Even with this misunderstanding, the site does make clear that there is no link between vaping and cancer.

Does vaping cause cardiovascular disease?

So, does vaping cause cancer? Well, even a cancer organization doesn’t think so, but what about cardiovascular disease? When searching for vaping and cardiovascular issues, a lot of negative sounding articles come up. But what doesn’t, is literally any statistic that backs up an issue. Again, as vaping is a relatively new phenomenon, this doesn’t mean that vaping isn’t associated with cardiovascular issues in the long term. However, there isn’t one statistic right now that says it does. In this review, the most that can be said, is that:

“There are no long-term outcome studies on the cardiovascular risk of vaping electronic cigarettes, but the effects of electronic cigarettes on known risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including neurohumoural activation, oxidative stress and inflammation, endothelial function and thrombosis, have been studied.” It didn’t, however, offer anything more conclusive than saying that risk factors have been studied.

What’s incredibly troubling, is that the 2019 study that initially made the claim that vaping e-cigarettes leads to a higher risk of heart attacks, was retracted eight months later! Sounds like it was a smear campaign that couldn’t take the heat in the end, and sadly, that article is still referenced all over the internet. No one ever said vaping would be 100% risk-free, but if it requires putting out research so bad it must be retracted to make the point, it says a lot for the lack of real information available to confirm this point. There is currently no statistic that exists about vaping and increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

To take it one step further, this longitudinal analysis E-Cigarette Use and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Longitudinal Analysis of the PATH Study (2013–2019), reported that “Two large cross-sectional studies reported no significant association between exclusive e-cigarette use and cardiovascular disease (CVD).”

Conclusion

Does vaping cause cancer or cardiovascular disease? Well, the jury is technically out until more time goes by and research for long-term use can be collected. What has been made pretty clear on nearly every level, is that vaping is considerably healthier than smoking cigarettes when it comes to both cancer and cardiovascular issues, both of which are increased by smoke inhalation, which vaping is not.

So why is there so much out there screaming about the dangers of vaping? And doing so while hiding or ignoring the incredible death rate of smoking? Perhaps it has more to do with what groups are funneling money into government representative pockets, and less to do with the facts.

Dry Tobacco Vapes and A New Way to Smoke

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Oregon Released First Rules for Magic Mushrooms Industry

We’ve known it’s coming since the November 2020 elections, when Oregon voted through Measure 109, for the legalization of psilocybin mushrooms in an adult-use market. Confusion has circulated since that time, with the public unsure of what this allows for. Now, Oregon has released some rules for its magic mushrooms industry, via Psilocybin Services, the division set up to regulate it.

The Oregon rules for magic mushrooms are good in some ways and limiting in others. More rules are due out by the end of the year. This wholly independent news platform specializes in the cannabis and psychedelics fields. To stay current on everything important happening in the cannabis and psychedelics industries, subscribe to The Cannadelics Weekly Newsletter. Also, it’ll get you premium access to deals on cannabis flowers, vapes, edibles, and much more! We’ve also got standout offers on cannabinoids, like HHC-O, Delta 8, Delta 9 THC, Delta-10 THC, THCO, THCV, THCP & HHC, which won’t kill your bank account. Head over to our “Best-of” lists to get these deals, and remember to enjoy responsibly!

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Measure 109

Though it was often touted as a medical legalization for psilocybin, when Oregon passed Measure 109 on November 3^rd, 2020, what it actually did was legalize the use of psilocybin magic mushrooms for an adult-use market. Called the Psilocybin Mushroom Services Program Initiative, Measure 109 didn’t come with too many specifics apart from that some sort of adult-use market was coming.

In terms of how popular this measure was at the time of the vote, 55.75% of the voting population agreed that this was a good idea, vs 44.25% which voted against it. Considering this is for a psychedelics legalization, which did not exist in the US at all prior to this time, it’s actually a really good showing. Cannabis still loses in some ballot measures despite the growing approval of it, so it says a lot for magic mushrooms, that Measure 109 passed with the majority.

When the measure passed, so little was understood about the final product of it, that voters literally voted for nothing more than a directive to open a program, with the knowledge that in some capacity “clients would be allowed to purchase, possess, and consume psilocybin at a psilocybin service center and under the supervision of a psilocybin service facilitator after undergoing a preparation session.”

However, at that time, it was unclear who would get the pass to use this service, who wouldn’t, and what requirements would exist for use. What was made clear, but somewhat ignored in the confusion that followed, is that the one thing that wouldn’t be required, is a diagnosis from a doctor. This, making whatever requirements that are attached in the end, at the very least, non-medical.

Measure 109 was the first of its sort to pass in the US, but it’s already being followed up by several states looking to pass some kind of recreational psychedelics legalization measure. These include, Michigan, California, Washington, and Colorado. Many individual locations in the US have already passed decriminalization measures, like Detroit, Seattle, and Denver, just to name a few.

Oregon Psilocybin Services releases rules for magic mushrooms

A few months ago, Oregon released some draft rules for its magic mushrooms legalization, which made clear that this was a recreational legalization. These included requirements for heavy metal testing, regulation about what pesticides could be used, and a host of other growing and production guidelines. It even stated that while tons of different psilocybin mushrooms exist, that only Psilocybe cubensis would be legal for use. The draft opened up many questions, and we’ve been waiting for Oregon to release finalized rules on its upcoming magic mushrooms industry.

Oregon Magic Mushrooms: New Guidelines Provide Insight into Legalization

On Friday, May 27^th, the Oregon Health Authority via Oregon Psilocybin Services, released some official rules to regulate this new magic mushrooms market. What was released does not cover all aspects of the market, and instead acts as a preliminary set of guidelines, to be followed by the rest of the regulatory laws in the fall. It’s expected that more rules will be approved by December 31^st of this year, and that the new program will go into effect on January 23^rd, 2023.

One of the main stipulations released at this time, is a confirmation of the pesky issued mentioned above, that only one type of mushroom is approved for use, Psilocybe cubensis. This was a point much debated after the initial draft mentioned it, but despite many requests to open the spectrum further for more kinds of mushrooms, Oregon Psilocybin Services stated the following in a letter to the public:

“In some cases, public comments were incorporated in the adopted rules and in others they were not. OPS weighed competing priorities and viewpoints that were received throughout the rulemaking process when making revisions, while considering equity, public health and safety.” In terms of that only-one-type-of-mushroom issue, it said:

“OPS received comments requesting that the rules allow additional species of mushrooms and use of additional substrates. The Oregon Psilocybin Advisory Board recommended limiting cultivation to Psilocybe cubensis and prohibiting substrates that may pose a risk to health and safety.”

It did clarify, “To avoid the risk associated with deadly, poisonous look-alikes and the potential for wood lover’s paralysis and animal-borne pathogens, OPS has upheld this recommendation in final rules… OPS looks forward to consideration of additional species in the future through continued dialog with the public and recommendations from the Oregon Psilocybin Advisory Board.”

Realistically though – unless that one species of psilocybin mushroom looks wildly different from all other psilocybin mushrooms, making it the only recognizable psilocybin mushroom, while all others look like poisonous mushrooms, this is very odd reasoning. Hopefully it will be updated in the future.

Preemptive Bill? Colorado House Committee Passed 1344 to Legalize MDMA

Other regulations

On the other hand, in what appears to be a positive showing for the idea of natural over synthetic, Oregon is not allowing synthetic psilocybin formulations, or psilocybin derivatives. This is a pretty big thing, as it’s the pharma industry that relies on synthetics, and such stipulations work in the favor of companies that focus on natural extractions.

Several other regulations were also released. For example, every mushroom batch must be tested for psilocybin and psilocin, which must be within 20%. Above this and they are no longer legal. Mushrooms can only be orally consumed, and cannot be administered with anything like MAO inhibitors, which can effect how the drug is broken down in the body. Rather than allowing other drug administration methods like skin patches, or nasal inhalers, Oregon is opting to retain a standardized approach, at least for now.

In order for psilocybin use to be legal, it must take place in a designated facility, under the watch of a designated administrator. Administrators must undergo 120 hours of training, 40 of which are observational sessions with someone receiving treatment. Facilitators do not need to have formal training in the mental health industry, or any therapeutic industry, which reinforces that this not a medical treatment. Oregon Psilocybin Services is expected to start reviewing applications for facilitators in June.

What about medical?

What’s very clear, is that this is not a medical legalization. It’s strictly a recreational legalization, that kind of looks like a medical legalization. In fact, its not expected that medical treatments will begin until 2024, and only for one thing: treatment-resistant depression. The recreational exclusivity is made clearer by the lack of medical training of facilitators, and the lack of therapy offered. If this was for medical use, each facilitator would need some sort of medical or therapeutic degree.

It also totally annihilates the idea of psychedelic-assisted therapy. Psychedelic-assisted therapy is when a psychedelic is taken in the presence of a doctor, after previous sessions to elucidate the patient’s issues. The doctor is trained to push the patient during their trip session to break their boundaries, in order to allow the brain to make new connections and pathways. Then a session is done afterwards to help the patient understand what happened, and to expand on the meaning of things.

Washington Wants to Legalize Magic Mushrooms Statewide

There are some afraid that Oregon’s new setup might lead to mishaps and issues, which could make the whole industry look bad. COMPASS Pathways, which is in the midst of psilocybin trials for treatment-resistant depression (which the FDA helped put together to meet regulation), stated this on its site:

“To make sure it is safe and effective in patients, psilocybin therapy needs to be approved by medical regulators, not legislators. To do this, we have to run large-scale clinical trials to generate data to show the therapy works and is safe. Only then will it be approved by regulators, and become part of the healthcare system, prescribed by doctors and funded by national bodies, payers or insurers.”

But is that really better? Truth is, not everyone wants a medical session. Perhaps the issue here is that this legalization is being treated like a medical legalization in that it requires the use of specific clinics and facilitators, but is strictly for recreational purposes. If Oregon sees fit to legalize magic mushrooms, perhaps it should actually do that. Let people use them for recreational purposes at will, like with cannabis, and save the medical setting, for medical applications. Right now, a failing of all this, is that it’s a recreational legalization, that has no personal use or possession laws attached. Luckily, Oregon did at least decriminalize psilocybin via Measure 110.

Conclusion

As always, progress is progress, and we can’t be mad about that. Oregon is leading the way for psychedelics legalizations, and with so many states gunning for similar legalizations, the model will hopefully be improved on soon. Who knows, at the rate things are going, we might see the ability for personal possession and use of mushrooms, soon enough.

Welcome to the site! Thanks for making it to CBDtesters.co / Cannadelics.com, the top internet spot offering up fully-rounded independent news covering the growing cannabis and psychedelics industries. Stop by frequently to stay up-to-date on these dynamic industries, and make sure to sign up to The Cannadelics Weekly Newsletter, to ensure you’re never late on getting the news. 

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South Africa Still Working On New Cannabis Bill

Back in 2020, I reported on South Africa’s legal limbo after a Constitutional Court ruling made cannabis prohibition illegal. What exactly this means for the country has been undefined for the past few years, and South Africa is still working to finalize its Cannabis for Private Purposes bill.

South Africa should have a new cannabis bill soon, which is great, because we’ve been waiting for it since 2018! We’re a publication that focuses on independent coverage of the cannabis and psychedelics fields. You can join in by signing up for the THC Weekly Newsletter, and also get prime access to tons of deals on vapes, edibles and smoking devices. We’ve also got standout offers on cannabinoids, like HHC-O, Delta 8, Delta 9 THC, Delta-10 THC, THCO, THCV, THCP & HHC, which won’t kill your bank account. Head over to our “Best-of” lists to get these deals, and remember to enjoy responsibly!

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How it started

Much like many other countries, South Africa instituted laws against cannabis in the early 1920’s. First in 1922 with the Customs and Excise Duty Act, which classified cannabis as a habit-forming drug, and then in 1925 by including cannabis in the country’s Dangerous Drugs list, putting it with the likes of cocaine and opium. Further to that, it was criminalized 100% in 1928 with the Medical, Dental, and Pharmacy Act, which is where it stayed all the way until 2018.

On March 31^st, 2017, a judge ruled that it was not constitutional to bar cultivation and use of cannabis for private use. This was done with a justification that this is a non-justifiable personal privacy infringement. A previous case on the matter brought by Gareth Prince about 15 years earlier, focused on the idea of infringement of religious freedoms, but this case was unsuccessful at changing anything.

The 2017 case didn’t include religious aspects, but focused on the privacy rights – or inalienable rights – of the people. The right to privacy is guaranteed under section 14 of the Bill of Rights of South Africa. It states that every individual has the right to lead a private life without government interference. The judge in the ruling made this statement:

“A very high level of protection is given to the individual’s intimate personal sphere of life and the maintenance of its basic preconditions and there is a final untouchable sphere of human freedom that is beyond interference from any public authority. So much so that, in regard to this most intimate core of privacy, no justifiable limitation thereof can take place… This inviolable core is left behind once an individual enters into relationships with persons outside this closest intimate sphere; the individual’s activities then acquire a social dimension and the right of privacy in this context becomes subject to limitation.”

However, as this was a regular court, in order for this ruling to have full effect, it needed to be confirmed by the Constitutional Court. When expected appeals to the decision came in, this was done. In September 2018, the Constitutional Court made a ruling on the matter which confirmed the ruling of the lower court, setting it as law. Some of the included points of the ruling, were the following:

• Cannabis use is permitted by an adult when done in private.
• Cannabis use is not permitted around children, or anyone who does not consent.
• Cannabis is not permitted in public, or for anything beyond personal use.
• Cannabis is permitted for private cultivation so long as its for personal use.

South Africa Introduces Some of the Most Lax Laws on Cannabis Yet

If all this sounds familiar, it’s because it’s a similar scenario to what’s going on in Mexico, where a court ruling created legalization case law, but which still requires a government bill for all particulars. In both cases, it was the use of personal sovereignty laws which led the way to make these changes. In South Africa, the Court ruling set a legal precedent, but it didn’t make clear the specifics of what is allowed. Since that time, draft legislation has come up, but nothing has been passed.

Cannabis for Private Purposes bill

After what has been a very long wait, the government of South Africa is getting closer to releasing formal legislation, in the form of the Cannabis for Private Purposes bill. This bill has been circulating since 2020, and has been updated throughout that time based on the comments of different people and organizations. Current additions were approved by the National Assembly on March 31^st of this year, meaning the bill is now in a second round of public meetings.

Some additional points within the South Africa cannabis bill include:

• Recreational cannabis commercial activities.
• Rules for cultivation, possession and supply of cannabis for members of organizations specifically related to religious and cultural purposes.
• Individual privacy rights for adults to use cannabis for medical purposes.

It also defines what a ‘private space’ is. The definition includes: a building, house, room, shed, hut, tent, mobile home, caravan, boat, or any part of one of the above. Essentially, anything that can be closed (or is away from other things), and where the public doesn’t have direct access, is a private space.

Since its still open for public comment, nothing is a done deal yet. The latest to give comments is the country’s largest trade federation, the Congress of South African Trade Unions (Cosatu), which supports the legalization of the plant on all fronts. It submit its comments at the end of May. Though the organization supports legalization measures, it said the current bill is ‘unrealistically bureaucratic and cumbersome’, and needs a lot of reworking.

In fact, it went as far as to say that the legislation is way too restrictive, and doesn’t decriminalize the plant as much as it should. This is highlighted by how the organization sees the issue of cannabis regulation for religious purposes, and its dislike of rules created to monitor how people use cannabis in general.

The Key to Legal Marijuana Is In Laws for Personal Sovereignty

Regardless of edits, none of this means that South Africa will have a regulated market. That’s one of the big differences between how South Africa and Mexico are handling things. Mexico is expected to have a regulated recreational market, whereas South Africa is legalizing private use and cultivation of the plant only.

How personal sovereignty leads to cannabis rights

The legal change in South Africa was a result of a court case that relied on personal sovereignty laws, which are a part of inalienable rights. Inalienable rights are rights that every human has, and that a government can’t take away. They relate to natural rights, or what some would call God-given rights, and they are not to be altered by governmental laws. Personal sovereignty is the same as self-ownership. This is considered an individual’s right for bodily integrity, and to be the sole controller of themselves. Personal sovereignty, is an inalienable right.

Three countries now have updated cannabis laws due to court cases involving personal sovereignty rights. South Africa’s Constitutional Court case was in 2018, making the 2017 verdict an official one in terms of the country’s laws. Though it doesn’t seek to set up a regulated market, it will allow for the possession, use, and cultivation of the plant privately.

2018 was a popular year for inalienable rights to kick in. Over in Georgia, another Constitutional Court case ended with a verdict that overturned prohibition. The Court ruled that it’s not constitutional to punish the use of cannabis, as it poses no threat to others. It said a punishment for cannabis use is restrictive of personal freedoms, so long as no 3td party is affected. However, Georgia never mentioned needing a bill to further clarify anything, and the country now resides in a weird gray area, where cultivation and buying/selling are illegal, but possession and use are totally cool.

The other example is Mexico, which became the 4^th legalized country officially in 2021, when the Supreme Court dropped laws of prohibition for private use, upon the government simply not doing its job. It unofficially became the 4^th country back in 2018, when the Supreme Court ruled on the last of five consecutive cases in favor of legal cannabis use and cultivation. It said, as personally developed human beings, we must be allowed to pick our own recreational activities without the government interfering. When the government did not turn in a corresponding bill on time, the Supreme Court went ahead and dropped prohibition laws a year ago. We’re still waiting on the full bill to begin the official sales market.

Conclusion

Truth is, none of the three countries to make legal updates based on constitutional courts, have totally gotten it together yet. Georgia is in a strange legal limbo, and Mexico and South Africa are both waiting on specific bills to pass. We certainly have to wait a bit longer on all fronts, but it looks like South Africa is getting that much closer to a formal legalization/decriminalization with updates to its cannabis draft bill. The question now is, which will be first, South Africa or Mexico?

Mexico Became the 4th Legalized Country

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